Eastlake's Methods and Materials of Painting of the Great Schools and Masters
Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock [One-time President of the Royal Academy], Methods and Materials of Painting of the Great Schools and Masters [Formerly titled: Materials for a History of Oil Painting]. Vol. One. New York; Dover Publications, Inc. 1960 [Originally published by Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans in 1847]
For the blue element, black is sometimes not sufficiently delicate; a blue, however small in quantity, is requisite, and the colour should even be fine of its kind--the French ultramarine would be preferable to common blues. It is quite possible to do without black, in which case, of course, the [p. 361] yellow and red ingredients must be increased to neutralize the blue. For the red, Indian red is commonly used and may suffice, but the purple reds, either of iron or madder, may be employed with advantage. For the lights, the yellow element should slightly predominate, and the deeper shades should be brown--so, in black objects, the deepest parts may sometimes be brown.
The effect of lightening a shadow by scumbling or dragging a lighter tint over it, is to make it colder as well as less dark [light over dark is cold]. As every colour contains all the colours, on the principles before explained, and as the blue tendency is in excess in the case supposed, the tint employed to correct it should have as much of the orange as the nature of the ingredients [used in the local colour] permits. If again the bluish tint [suppose in a rose drapery] has been glazed with lake, as it will evidently be too purple for the local colour, the correcting [and perhaps lightening] tint should then incline to yellow. Once neutralized and harmonized, the usual cool half-tints, and coloured depths can again be inserted if required. [pp. 361-362]
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