External without internal variation is achieved by adding to or subtracting from the form. Creating internal without external variations requires more prominent gradations. In most cases, shape gradations affect the external and internal aspects of a form. Any form can be changed to any other form with the appropriate number of shape gradations.
[Wong, Wucius. Principals of Two-Dimensional Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1972.]
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