French poet and art critic, an active influence in shaping most of the aesthetic movements which dominated Paris artists during the early 20th cent [Son of a Polish mother, Mme de Kostrowitzky, and an Italian of noble family, Francisco Flugi d'Aspermont [Osborne, Harold, ed. Oxford Companion Of Twentieth Century Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press,1988]. He was among the first to acclaim Picasso (in 1905), praised Matisse in 1907, Braque in 1908, and led the way in doing honour to the talent of Herni Rousseau. [ One of the earliest champions of the Cubist movement, he published 'Les peintres cubistes' in 1913, and helped to found the offshoot group Section d'Or [for whose theories he coined the name Orphism [Osborne, Harold, ed. Oxford Companion Of Twentieth Century Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press,1988.]. Apollinaire was also a friend of the Futurists and composed one of the Futurist Manifestos. He coined the word 'surrealist' in 1917 to describe his own play 'Les Mamelles de Tirésias' and through André Breton he influenced the views of the Surrealist school. [He was known particularly for his Calligrammes and for his experiments in pictorial typography.] His early death was hastened by wounds sustained fighting in the trenches in the First World War.
[Chilvers, Ian, Harold Osborne, and Dennis Farr, eds. Oxford Dictionary Of Art. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.] ]
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