H

Hague School

Han Chinese - "Native or ethnic Chinese, as opposed to Chinese in border regions, in tribal groups, or of foreign origin." [Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting. Yale University and Foreign Language Press. 1997]

Hanlin Academy

Hao - "Pen name or sobriquet of an artist that is usually connected with a special place, event, interest, or function."[Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting. Yale University and Foreign Language Press. 1997]

Happening - "The word 'happening', in the sense in which it became current during the 1960s as the name for a new art form, was coined by Allan Kaprow in 1959. It occurred originally in the title of a score he published in the Anthologist of Rutgers University, and its very vagueness helped its adoption not only in America but also in Europe and Japan for a diversity of contrived artistic phenomena. The concept of the Happening was closely bound up with Kaprow's deliberate rejection of the traditional principles of craftsmanship and permanence in the arts. He thought of the Happening as a development mainly from the Assemblage and the Environment. While both the Assemblage and the Environment were relatively fixed and static, the Assemblage something constructed to be contemplated from outside, to be 'handled or walked around', and the Environment something to be 'walked into', something by which the observer was enveloped and manipulated, the Happening was conceived by contrast as a genuine 'event'. It had close affinities with theatrical and performance art and it was not restricted like the Environment to the confines of a gallery or some other site. In conformity with the theories of the composer John Cage about the importance of chance in artistic creation, Happenings were described as 'spontaneous, plotless th eatrical events'.

In America the artists chiefly responsible for the development of the Happening in its early stages were, beside Cage and Kaprow, Jim Dine, Claes Oldenburg, Robert Rauschenberg, Roy Lichtenstein, Red Grooms, Robert Whitman. . . . "[Osborne, Harold, editor. The Oxford C ompanion to Twentieth-Century Art. Oxford University Press. 1988.]

Hard Edge Painting

Hatching

Helladic

Hellenistic

Hieratic

History Painting

Homme-Témoin - "A group of French artists who were united in their promotion of expressive Social Realism in opposition to the current schools of abstraction. They came to public noctice in 1948 when Michel de Gallard, Bernard Lorjou, Yvonne Mottet, Paul Rebeyolle and Michel Thomson exhibited at the Gal. du Bac, Paris. They declared that 'man is an eater of red meat, fried potatoes, fruit and cheese', solidy rooted in the elementary material needs of daily life, and that his need in consequence was for true, authentic and direct pictures. They set the solid common sense of the populace against the refinements of the abstractionists who, engrossed in their purely pictorial problems, had lost contact with ordinary life . . . . "[Osborne, Harold, editor. The Oxford C ompanion to Twentieth-Century Art. Oxford University Press. 1988.]

Huating School [See Songjiang School]

Hudson River School